G102/202
Student learning outcome: Chapter 14: GLACIERS AND GLACIATION
1. Describe the process by which snow becomes incorporated into glacial ice. Define: firn, neve
2. Differentiate between the following kinds of glaciers:
a. continental glacier d. piedmont glacier
b. valley (trough) glacier e. ice cap
c. cirque glacier f. ice sheet
g. ice shelf
3. . Describe the mechanism of movement (basal slip and plastic flow) in valley glaciers and in ice caps. Distinguish between typical glacial movement and a glacial surge
4. Describe the snowline and discuss how it relates to the general budget of a glacier and define:
a. zone of accumulation e. calving
b. zone of wastage (ablation) f. zone of fracture
c. downwasting g. crevasses
d. backwasting
5. Describe the process of glacial erosion and define the following:
a plucking b. abrasion c. rock flour d. glacial striations
6. List and describe the major topographic features associated with the advance and retreat of a large valley glacier.
7. Define: glacial trough, truncated spur, hanging valley, cirque, pater noster lakes, fjord, aretes, horn, col, tarn, roche mountonnee
8. Describe the origin and types of the different kinds of glacial deposits. Define:
a. glacial drift c. stratified drift e. end moraine g. medial moraine
b. till d. erratics f. ground moraine h. terminal moraine
i. recessional moraine
9. Describe landforms and the origins of stratified drift and define:
a. outwash plain c. kame e. esker
b. kame terrace d. kettles
10. Be able to explain the Milankovitch Theory and how it is related to glacial cycles.
11. Know that the last major glacial cycle was during the Pleistocene and understand the difference between glacial and interglacial periods.
12. Discuss the following indirect effects of ice-age glaciers:
a. rise and fall of sea level c. pluvial lakes
b. plant and animal distribution d. crustal (isostatic) rebound
13.
Discuss what the