OBJECTIVES

Chapter 10 - Crustal Deformation

1.      Define "compressional stress" and list the structures produced from them.

2.      Define "tensional stress" and list the structures produced from them.

3.      Define the following:

confining pressure                                           shear

brittle                                                             ductile

plastic deformation                                          elastic deformation

4.      Describe how increased pressure affects the volume and brittle-ductile properties of rock.

5.      Describe how the following terms relate to rock failure and explain the elastic-strain hypothesis:

a.   yield point                                                 c.    strain

b.   stress                                                       d.    primary, secondary, and tertiary creep

6.      Define strike and dip.

7.      Differentiate between the following kinds of folds or terms:

               Monocline                                                      Plunging anticline                                                                      

anticline                                                         Plunging syncline                                              

syncline                                                          recumbent fold                                                  

8.      Differentiate between a structural basin and dome on the basis of dip/strike and distribution of age of rock.

9.      How is a structural basin and dome different from a hill and a valley?

10.     Give the features of and differentiate between dip-slip faults and define:

reverse fault                                                    oblique-slip faults

thrust fault                                                      normal fault

11.     Define the following:

fault block mountain.                                         graben

horst                                                                fault scarp

12.       Define "strike-slip" fault and differentiate between:

left lateral                                                       right lateral                   

13.     Cite examples of crustal uplift.

14.     Describe the concept of mountains with "roots" and be able to apply the principle of isostancy to mountains with roots.

15.     Describe all forms of mountain building resulting from convergent boundaries and give modern examples of each and explain how they differ from each other

based on the structures and mountains that form

               Oceanic to oceanic convergence (this is a trick…there are no true mountains formed at this setting…only islands)

               Oceanic to continental convergence

               Continental to continental convergence

16.     Describe the mechanism of fault-block mountain building and discuss the possible causes of North America's Basin and Range topography.  Define "back arc

spreading".

17.     Describe the mechanism of post orogenic uplift and give an example of the process ongoing today.

18.     Explain the concept of accreted terranes and how they dominated the formation of North America’s west coast