Objectives:  Basalt and Monitoring Volcanoes

Week 9 Lecture

 

1)  Why are there so many different types of basalt.  Be able to discuss the different processes that creates different types of magma

 

2)  What is the basic structure of a shield volcano?

            Central caldera                                      Magma chamber

            Rift systems                             Fumeroles

           

3)  What causes rifts to form and what types of eruptions often occur along them? 

 

4)  What is the basic eruptive characteristics of basalt volcanism and (for the most part) how do they rate on the explosivity scale?

 

5)  Understand how the following features form and what the basic characteristics are for each

            Cinder cones                                        Fire fountains

            Basaltic lava flows (general)                Pele’s hair and tears

            Lava lakes                                          

 

6)  How do lava rivers (channelized flows) develop and what other types of features can they turn into

 

7)  How do lava tubes develop and how can they be recognized after the volcano stops erupting?

 

8)  Know the difference between pahoehoe and 'a'a lava and understand how each develops

 

9)  Why do lava flows inflate and what are tumuli?

 

10)  Understand what the following features are and how they are formed

          tree casts and molds                               columnular jointing

          kipukas                                                  biscuit jointing

          benches                                                 entabularture jointing

          bombs                                                    intercanyon flows

 

11)  What type of geologic settings is basaltic volcanism found in?

 

12)  Explain some of the basic monitoring techniques used on volcanoes.

            Seismic Monitoring                              Gas and Volatile release                     

            Ground Deformation                           Thermal Monitoring

            Gravitational Anomalies

            Magnetism

 

13)  What are the issues surrounding volcanic forecasting and the media?

 

14)  If given a hypothetical tectonic setting, be able to discuss in detail the type of volcanism, the products and the progression of the volcanic activity at that location.  Be able to comment on any monitoring techniques that would be useful and any hazards that might be related to the volcanic activity.  IN OTHER WORDS….TIE IT ALL TOGETHER!!!

 

This last objective is a biggie for the final in this class!!